PRACTICAL ISSUES IN CONVERTING AGRICULTURAL LAND USE FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NAM SÁCH DISTRICT, HẢI DƯƠNG PROVINCE

PRACTICAL ISSUES IN CONVERTING AGRICULTURAL LAND USE FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NAM SÁCH DISTRICT, HẢI DƯƠNG PROVINCE

PRACTICAL ISSUES IN CONVERTING AGRICULTURAL LAND USE FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NAM SÁCH DISTRICT, HẢI DƯƠNG PROVINCE

Nguyễn Thị Phương Duyên

People’s Committee of Nam Sách District, Hải Dương Province

Nguyễn Quang Huy

Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam National University of Agriculture

Abstract:

The research aims to evaluate the conversion of agricultural land use to meet socio-economic development while ensuring the rational management and use of land in Nam Sách District. Methods used include primary and secondary data collection; synthesis and analysis; group discussions and forums.

From 2010 to 2020, 4,497.90 hectares of rice land were converted to non-agricultural land, annual crop land increased by 73.87 hectares, perennial crop land increased by 258.16 hectares, aquaculture land increased by 50.74 hectares, and other agricultural land increased by 29.99 hectares.

During the period from 2021 to 2030, 2,421.44 hectares of agricultural land need to be converted to non-agricultural land, including 2,143.18 hectares of rice land, 156.57 hectares of other annual crop land, 84.83 hectares of perennial crop land, and 65.59 hectares of aquaculture land.

The proposed solutions for agricultural land conversion include:

– Establishing specialized cultivation areas and applying technology

– Supervising the implementation of land use conversion

– Developing policy mechanisms

– Applying scientific and technical advancements

Keywords: Agricultural land use conversion, solutions for agricultural land conversion, Nam Sách, Hải Dương.

I. INTRODUCTION

Land is a finite natural resource. To contribute to the rational use of agricultural land, the allocation of each type of land use helps in orienting improvement as well as investment capital needs. This is one of the urgent issues today and in the future, which is given great attention to propose solutions for sustainable agricultural development (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development – 2009) [1].

Currently, the requirement to restructure the agricultural sector demands the implementation of agricultural land use conversion to meet agricultural production and create high-value commercial products. Given the limited resources for production, the goal of enhancing the efficiency of agricultural land use towards commercial production is crucial to create significant economic value while paving the way for sustainable agricultural development (Nguyễn Thị Kim Anh – 2023) [3].

Nam Sách District is located in the northeast of Hải Dương Province, 5km south of Hải Dương city center, 50km west of Hanoi, and about 40km east of Hải Phòng city. The administrative boundaries of the district include: the North borders Chí Linh city; the East borders Kinh Môn town and Kim Thành District; the South borders Hải Dương city; the West borders Cẩm Giàng District and Bắc Ninh Province (People’s Committee of Nam Sách District – 2022) [7].

Currently, the economic structure of the district is: Agriculture – Industry, Construction – Services at 19.8% – 47.9% – 32.3% (in 2015 it was 27.0% – 41.8% – 31.2%) (People’s Committee of Nam Sách District – 2022) [8]. The living standards of the people have improved, with the average income per capita in 2020 reaching 56 million VND (an increase of 2.0 times compared to 2015, and an increase of 3.3 times compared to 2010) (People’s Committee of Nam Sách District – 2022) [6].

The district focuses on promoting the restructuring of agricultural production, implementing field consolidation to facilitate crop and livestock restructuring, leveraging advantages to become a provider of high-quality agricultural products associated with processing and developing services for agricultural production consumption. This study aims to propose the rational conversion of land use to meet the agricultural development restructuring requirements of the district.

II. Research Methods

1. Methods for investigation and collection of primary and secondary data

Collect secondary data and documents on natural conditions, socio-economic factors, and the current land use situation, provided by management and specialized agencies such as the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Agriculture & Rural Development, Statistics Office, and Office of the People’s Committee of Nam Sách District. Collect primary data and documents on the current land use situation and the future land use project areas up to 2025 and 2030.

2. Group discussions, consultations, and expert references

These methods are utilized to gather exchanges and contributions from individuals knowledgeable about land management activities in Hải Dương Province in general and Nam Sách District in particular, thereby developing a comprehensive and high-quality scientific report.

Consult central experts from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment: 3 experts, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development: 2 experts; Vietnam National University of Agriculture: 3 experts; Vietnam Soil Science Association: 3 experts; Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Hải Dương Province: 2 experts to analyze, synthesize, and provide feedback on the criteria for past land use conversion as well as the basis for forecasting conversions up to 2030 for the land fund of Nam Sách District.

3. Methods for data synthesis and processing

Use ArcGIS 10.3 software (Wilpen L. Gorr & Kristen S. Kurland – 2011) [9] to overlay single-theme maps at a scale of 1/25000: the current land use map of Nam Sách District for 2020; the land use planning map for 2030 of Nam Sách District; the agricultural land suitability map of Nam Sách District; extract data on the types of agricultural land use in Nam Sách District; and use specialized software such as SPSS Excel 2016 to perform statistics, diagramming, charting, calculations, comparisons, and processing of primary and secondary data.

III. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. Evaluation of land use conversion results in Nam Sách District for the period 2010-2020

The results of agricultural land use conversion during the 2010-2020 period were influenced by socio-economic development. By 2020, the economic structure was: Agriculture – Industry, Construction – Services at 19.8% – 47.9% – 32.3% (in 2015 it was 27.0% – 41.8% – 31.2%). The living standards of the people improved, with the average income per capita in 2020 reaching 56 million VND (an increase of 2.0 times compared to 2015, and an increase of 3.3 times compared to 2010) (People’s Committee of Nam Sách District – 2022) [6]. During this period, comprehensive economic development and positive structural shifts towards industrialization and modernization strongly impacted land use conversion, particularly agricultural land, as follows:

1.1. For rice land use

In 2020, there were 4,497.90 hectares of rice land, which decreased by 413.05 hectares compared to 2010, including:

(i) A decrease of 511.92 hectares converted to other types of land: other annual crop land (21.94 hectares), perennial crop land (21.94 hectares), aquaculture land (9.2 hectares), security land (0.09 hectares), non-agricultural production land (18.17 hectares), public works land (23.51 hectares), rural residential land (34.87 hectares), urban residential land (1.0 hectares), office building land (1.5 hectares), religious land (0.4 hectares), cemetery land (3.29 hectares), belief land (0.3 hectares), rivers and streams land (0.1 hectares), specialized water surface land (1.09 hectares); another decrease of 170.31 hectares due to discrepancies in data calculation methods between inventory periods.

(ii) A conversion of 98.87 hectares from other uses to rice land, from the following types: other annual crop land (1.1 hectares), perennial crop land (9.3 hectares), public land (2.6 hectares), cemetery land (0.5 hectares), specialized water surface land (0.2 hectares).

1.2. For other annual crop land use

In 2020, there were 564.11 hectares of other annual crop land, an increase of 73.87 hectares compared to 2010. This increase resulted from a decrease of 150.74 hectares converted to other types of land: rice land (1.1 hectares), aquaculture land (7.1 hectares), other agricultural land (0.7 hectares), non-agricultural production land (1.67 hectares), public land (6.7 hectares), public works land (0.6 hectares), rural residential land (1.15 hectares), religious land (0.1 hectares), cemetery land (0.2 hectares),

rivers, canals, and streams land (113.93 hectares), specialized water surface land (0.3 hectares). Additionally, an increase of 224.61 hectares was achieved through conversion from other uses: rice land (21.94 hectares), perennial crop land (2.0 hectares), aquaculture land (2.08 hectares), non-agricultural production land (1.6 hectares), public works land (2.7 hectares), cemetery land (0.1 hectares), specialized water surface land (0.8 hectares).

1.3. For perennial crop land use

In 2020, there were 965.95 hectares of perennial crop land, an increase of 258.16 hectares compared to 2010. This increase resulted from a conversion of 277.08 hectares from other types of land: rice land (11.64 hectares), aquaculture land (5.21 hectares), specialized water surface land (0.12 hectares). Simultaneously, a decrease of 18.92 hectares was due to conversion to other types of land: rice land (0.3 hectares), other annual crop land (2.0 hectares), aquaculture land (5.6 hectares), other agricultural land (0.8 hectares), non-agricultural production land (3.91 hectares), public land (2.91 hectares), public works land (1.0 hectares), rural residential land (0.55 hectares), urban residential land (0.5 hectares), religious land (0.9 hectares), cemetery land (0.05 hectares).

1.4. For aquaculture land use

In 2020, there were 952.42 hectares of aquaculture land, an increase of 50.74 hectares compared to 2010. This increase resulted from a decrease of 95.76 hectares converted to other types of land: other annual crop land (2.08 hectares), perennial crop land (5.21 hectares), other agricultural land (3.5 hectares), non-agricultural production land (5.53 hectares), public land (6.96 hectares), public works land (1.83 hectares), rural residential land (7.4 hectares), urban residential land (0.28 hectares), cemetery land (0.53 hectares),

religious land (0.1 hectares), rivers, canals, and streams land (3.1 hectares), specialized water surface land (1.1 hectares). Additionally, an increase of 146.50 hectares was achieved through conversion from other uses: rice land (9.2 hectares), other annual crop land (7.1 hectares), perennial crop land (5.0 hectares), non-agricultural production land (9.63 hectares), public land (0.6 hectares), rivers, canals, and streams land (0.1 hectares), specialized water surface land (1.0 hectares).

1.5. For other agricultural land use

In 2020, there were 30.68 hectares of other agricultural land, an increase of 29.99 hectares compared to 2010, from the following types of land: rice land (16.5 hectares), other annual crop land (0.7 hectares), perennial crop land (0.8 hectares), aquaculture land (3.5 hectares).

2. Conversion of land use for the period 2020-2030

The projected conversion of agricultural land use is based on economic development forecasts with the socio-economic structure by 2025: Agriculture – Industry, Construction – Services: 8%-62%-30%; by 2030: 6%-64%-30%. The corresponding labor structure in each sector by 2025: 19.0% – 55.0% – 26.0%; by 2030: 15%-53%-32%. The production value per hectare of arable land and aquaculture is expected to reach 230 million VND by 2025, and the target for 2030 is 270 million VND (People’s Committee of Nam Sách District – 2022) [8].

Based on land suitability evaluation research results (Nguyễn Thị Phương Duyên – 2018) [4]. The issue of converting agricultural land use to serve socio-economic development during the 2021-2030 period requires a reduction of 2,421.44 hectares of agricultural land to non-agricultural land. By 2030, the total agricultural land area will be 4,589.62 hectares, accounting for 41.35% of the natural land area.

2.1. For rice land use

During the 2021-2030 conversion period, rice land use will decrease by 2,143.18 hectares compared to the 2020 status, due to conversion to the following types of land: aquaculture land (57.79 hectares); defense land (19.67 hectares); security land (2.38 hectares); industrial park land (604.55 hectares); industrial cluster land (160.03 hectares); commercial service land (196.99 hectares); non-agricultural production and business land (109.59 hectares); transportation land (524.24 hectares); irrigation land (41.47 hectares);

rural residential land (216.98 hectares); urban residential land (19.58 hectares); cultural facility construction land (28.28 hectares); medical facility construction land (11.84 hectares); educational facility construction land (25.03 hectares); sports land (18.90 hectares); energy works land (7.86 hectares); waste disposal and treatment land (11.02 hectares); cemetery land (19.91 hectares); public recreational land (48.37 hectares); and other non-agricultural land (17.14 hectares).

2.2. For other annual crop land use

During the 2021-2030 conversion period, other annual crop land use will decrease by 156.57 hectares compared to the 2020 status, due to conversion to the following types of land: other agricultural land (0.81 hectares); security land (0.41 hectares); industrial park land (0.32 hectares); industrial cluster land (0.15 hectares); commercial service land (27.97 hectares); non-agricultural production and business land (11.08 hectares); ceramic material production land (71.08 hectares); transportation land (20.14 hectares); irrigation land (11.33 hectares); rural residential land (3.97 hectares); urban residential land (0.22 hectares); and other non-agricultural land (8.38 hectares).

2.3. For perennial crop land use

During the conversion period up to 2030, perennial crop land use will decrease by 84.83 hectares compared to the 2020 status, due to conversion to the following types of land: aquaculture land (4.14 hectares); other agricultural land (7.75 hectares); defense land (0.50 hectares); security land (0.08 hectares); industrial park land (8.13 hectares); industrial cluster land (0.60 hectares); commercial service land (7.54 hectares); non-agricultural production and business land (6.18 hectares); transportation land (29.69 hectares); irrigation land (1.45 hectares); rural residential land (7.62 hectares); urban residential land (1.17 hectares); public recreational land (4.68 hectares); and other non-agricultural land (5.31 hectares).

2.4. For aquaculture land use

During the conversion period up to 2030, aquaculture land use will decrease by 127.52 hectares due to conversion to the following types of land: defense land (0.50 hectares); security land (0.05 hectares); industrial park land (17.63 hectares); industrial cluster land (2.70 hectares); commercial service land (13.94 hectares); non-agricultural production and business land (10.08 hectares); transportation land (51.0 hectares); irrigation land (2.11 hectares); public recreational land (7.07 hectares); rural residential land (11.04 hectares); urban residential land (1.56 hectares); and other non-agricultural land (9.85 hectares). Additionally, an increase of 61.93 hectares will be achieved through conversion from other uses: rice land (57.79 hectares); perennial crop land (4.14 hectares); transportation land (0.5 hectares).

2.5. For other agricultural land use

During the conversion period up to 2030, the area of other agricultural land will increase by 28.73 hectares, due to conversion from the following types of land: rice land (19.67 hectares); perennial crop land (7.75 hectares); other annual crop land (0.81 hectares); and transportation land (0.50 hectares).

Table 1. Agricultural land use conversion for the period 2021-2030 in Nam Sách District

Source: Processed based on research results and People’s Committee of Nam Sách District – 2022 [8]

Thus, converting 2,421.44 hectares of agricultural land to non-agricultural land, including 2,143.18 hectares of rice land, 156.57 hectares of other annual crop land, 84.83 hectares of perennial crop land, and 65.59 hectares of aquaculture land will impact the lives of a portion of residents whose land is acquired.

Implementing land use conversion has also determined the rational land fund for infrastructure construction such as:

(i) Allocating land for the development of the transportation system, coordinating with neighboring provinces to develop external transportation (road, waterway, etc.) linking the province with the Northern region, the Northern key economic zone, and with national and international transportation axes to open up the district; rapidly upgrading the internal transportation system.

(ii) Building cultural and sports facilities such as: commune cultural houses, village cultural houses, cultural parks, green parks, traditional exhibition houses, squares, memorials, stadiums, sports halls, sports centers, training centers… across the district.

(iii) Allocating land to complete the district’s healthcare system at all commune levels. Completing the infrastructure system serving the development of industry, commerce, and tourism in the district, contributing to the socio-economic development of the district.

The planning has also determined sufficient land fund for defense and security projects as required by the Provincial Military Command, Provincial Police in Thanh Hà District, meeting the operational requirements of the army and people’s police forces, contributing to national security and social order and safety.

Implementing land use conversion in Nam Sách District up to 2030 has created a rational land fund for the expansion and enhancement of historical cultural sites and scenic spots. Expanding and enhancing several spiritual cultural works such as communal houses, temples, pagodas, etc. This has significantly contributed to the preservation of national cultural heritage while facilitating the development of the district’s tourism industry in the future.

3. Proposed Solutions for Land Management After Agricultural Land Use Conversion

3.1. Develop specialized, modern agricultural production areas

Based on the natural conditions and soil of each region, form high-tech agricultural production areas and specialized agriculture, particularly utilizing the effectiveness of the district’s main crops, building a brand, and enhancing the rural-urban divide by:

– Promoting agricultural restructuring towards concentrated commodity production, applying high-tech, smart agriculture, and organic agriculture to increase added value and sustainable development. Focus on developing high-tech industries and supporting industries. Develop the district’s agriculture towards high-tech, modern production, and high-quality products.

– Maintaining agricultural production land area, especially rice land. Allocate large concentrated agricultural production areas, inviting investors to develop the district’s agricultural sector.

– Restructuring agricultural production, prioritizing large-scale agriculture, forming specialized production areas with high technical standards to enhance land use efficiency.

– Allocating land for developing integrated farms and concentrated livestock farms far from residential areas to ensure environmental sanitation. Encourage the application of high-tech and biotechnology in the production of plant and animal varieties, in post-harvest preservation and processing technology. Develop agriculture linked with building new rural areas based on the development of processing industries and household farm economies.

– Maintain stable agricultural production areas as planned, along with the establishment of green belts: safe vegetable areas, specialty crop areas, etc. Develop production towards commodity production with high productivity, quality, efficiency, and competitiveness. Invest intensively in rice land, develop winter crops on rice fields with about 40-50% of the area. Form high-quality intensive rice cultivation areas in communes with favorable conditions such as: Cộng Hòa, Phú Điền, Đồng Lạc, An Sơn… Research converting a portion of low-efficiency rice land to aquaculture farms, fruit tree cultivation, and livestock farming.

– Build large-scale safe vegetable areas, attract investors to focus on developing the district’s agriculture by:

+ Expanding concentrated production areas for key vegetables with stable markets and high economic value: Thái Tân, Minh Tân, Hiệp Cát, Cộng Hòa communes.

+ Developing cabbage, kohlrabi, and cauliflower areas of about 300 hectares, concentrated in Thái Tân, Thanh Quang, Nam Hưng, Minh Tân, Hiệp Cát, An Sơn communes.

+ Establishing concentrated onion and garlic areas of about 1,000 hectares, concentrated in Nam Hưng, Nam Tân, Hợp Tiến, An Bình, An Lâm, Nam Trung communes.

+ Developing pig farming areas in Nam Tân – Nam Hưng, Đồng Lạc, Hiệp Cát – Hợp Tiến, An Bình – An Lâm, and existing conversion areas in other communes.

+ Developing poultry farming areas in Phú Điền, Cộng Hoà, Hợp Tiến, and existing conversion areas in other communes.

3.2. Solutions for organization and supervision of agricultural land use conversion implementation

Publicly announce the areas and types of land that need to be converted in accordance with land use planning and plans on mass media, to all departments, organizations, unions, and residents of the district to implement and supervise according to the plan and land law regulations.

Strengthen the propaganda, dissemination, and education of land law, especially the regulations on compensation, site clearance, support, and resettlement according to the 2024 Law on Land and guiding documents from the Central Ministries and agencies to raise awareness at all levels, sectors, and among all residents. The process of handling land relations must strictly comply with legal regulations; properly manage the interest relationship between the State – Enterprises – Residents, encouraging investors to directly negotiate with land users according to the legal provisions.

3.3. Investment Solutions

Based on approved agricultural land conversion areas, prioritize funding allocation at all levels and sectors to implement projects using converted agricultural land. Strengthen the call for investment from domestic and foreign organizations and individuals to achieve socio-economic development goals related to land use conversion.

Maximize the mobilization of funds for production and infrastructure development from budget capital, enterprise capital, joint venture capital, foreign investment, and self-financing by residents. Invest in the construction of resources for land management such as cadastral mapping, implementing agricultural land use conversion in alignment with planning, and issuing Land Use Rights Certificates.

Apply scientific and technological advancements in production and development across sectors, with a focus on the management of the Natural Resources and Environment sector. Invest strategically and promptly in various fields, especially in the development of agriculture, industry, and transportation, irrigation, and electrical infrastructure.

3.4. Policy Mechanism Solutions

(i) Policies for protecting and developing agricultural land funds:

– Based on temporary allocation targets for rice land area to be maintained, especially land with two or more rice crops, and creating rice land use maps down to commune and household levels.

– Annually balance sufficient budget sources for localities to limit the situation of land swapping for infrastructure, converting rice land within planning areas to non-agricultural use. Simultaneously, minimize the authority to convert land use purposes of lower levels.

– Encourage farmers to keep rice land with policies such as: support for prices, irrigation, other infrastructure, reducing production costs, increasing income for rice producers ensuring that those allocated rice land can live by growing rice profitably by 30% of production costs.

– Establish advanced quality management preservation and processing systems; form a network for purchasing, supporting, and stabilizing prices. Regularly train and foster the professional skills of scientific and technical management staff, agricultural extension officers, and food production management officers at all levels.

– Properly implement field consolidation to avoid fragmented production as at present. Continue to perfect food production organization forms towards linkage to form cooperative organizations and cooperatives by area or product; facilitate linking production with consuming enterprises; develop farm economy, food production enterprises, farmers contributing capital by the value of land use rights to participate in enterprises, develop an agricultural service supply network. Prioritize developing agriculture towards industrialization and modernization.

(ii) Policies for efficient land use:

– Policies on space utilization in industrial and urban construction planning in densely populated areas.

– Policies for synchronized investment between transportation and irrigation with the arrangement of residential lines to save land.

– Policies for developing rural residential areas towards on-site urbanization, avoiding the concentration of residents into urban areas.

3.5. Scientific and Technical Solutions

Arrange sufficient material conditions, gradually apply scientific and technological achievements in planning, monitoring, and organizing the implementation of agricultural land use conversion plans. Strengthen basic land surveys, build land data databases, improve the quality of forecasting, and encourage scientific feedback to enhance the feasibility of agricultural land use conversion plans. Build and update land resource management databases, apply advanced technology to improve the quality of agricultural land use conversion planning.

Strengthen and enhance the land information system, increase the application of remote sensing technology and GIS in monitoring and supervising the implementation of land use conversion plans; forecast, warn, investigate, evaluate, and respond to climate change, manage resources and protect the environment to meet land management and international integration requirements.

IV. CONCLUSION

During the 2010-2020 period, the district converted 4,497.90 hectares of rice land to non-agricultural land, increased other annual crop land by 73.87 hectares, increased perennial crop land by 258.16 hectares, increased aquaculture land by 50.74 hectares, and increased other agricultural land by 29.99 hectares.

By 2030, the agricultural land area will be 4,589.62 hectares, accounting for 41.35% of the natural land area. During the 2021-2030 period, it is necessary to convert 2,421.44 hectares of agricultural land to non-agricultural land, including 2,143.18 hectares of rice land; 156.57 hectares of other annual crop land; 84.83 hectares of perennial crop land; and 65.59 hectares of aquaculture land.

To manage and use the remaining agricultural land fund efficiently and sustainably, it is necessary to focus on implementing the following groups of solutions: developing specialized cultivation areas and applying technology; supervising the implementation of land use conversion; developing policy mechanisms; and applying scientific and technical advancements.

References

1. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2009), Handbook on Agricultural Land Use, Volume 3: Land Resources of Vietnam – Status and Potential Use, Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. Pages 12-15.
2. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2009), Handbook on Agricultural Land Use, Volume 2: Land Evaluation Classification, Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. Pages 64-142.
3. Nguyễn Thị Kim Anh (2023). Legal and Practical Issues Related to Agricultural Land Use Conversion for Amendments to the Law on Land. Report on ministerial-level scientific research project, 2022.06. National Assembly Legislative Research Institute, pages 74-89.
4. Nguyễn Thị Phương Duyên (2018). Research on the Current Status and Propose Solutions for Rational Management and Use of Agricultural Land in Nam Sách District, Hải Dương Province. PhD Thesis in Land Management. Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, pages 104-125.
5. Nguyễn Quang Huy, Nguyễn Thị Phương Duyên, Đỗ Văn Nhạ (2015). Agricultural Land Use Restructuring Towards Higher Value and Sustainable Development, Associated with New Rural Construction: A Case Study of An Lâm Commune, Nam Sách District, Hải Dương Province. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, Issues 3+4/2015, pages 67-74.
6. People’s Committee of Nam Sách District (2022). Land Statistics Data for 2020. Socio-economic statistics for the years 2019 – 2022.
7. People’s Committee of Nam Sách District (2022): Land Use Planning Report up to 2030, Land Use Plan for 2021, Nam Sách District, Hải Dương Province.
8. People’s Committee of Nam Sách District (2022): Socio-economic Development Planning Report up to 2025 and Vision for 2030, Nam Sách District, Hải Dương Province.
9. Wilpen L. Gorr &Kristen S. Kurland(2011). GIS Tutorial 1: Basic Workbook. ESRI Press Redlands, California, USA.

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